在英语中，积极的事物或情况通常被称为 "positive," 而消极的事物或情况则被称为 "negative." 例如:

Positive: She has a positive attitude.
Negative: He has a negative outlook on pfe.

此外，还有许多其他词汇可用来表示积极和消极，如 "optimistic" (乐观的)、"pessimistic" (悲观的)、"encouraging" (鼓励的) 和 "discouraging" (挫败的) 等。

例如:

Optimistic: He is optimistic about the future.
Pessimistic: She is pessimistic about the chances of success.
Encouraging: His words were very encouraging.
Discouraging: The news was quite discouraging.